Caira Mamani,Cirilo Mario2026-03-042026-03-042023-06-23http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14689/1109Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial componentoftheplanet andisessential for agriculture development. Our region is known for its livestock and agricultural activities. Hence, understanding Citation: Canaza, D.; Calizaya, E.; Chambi, W.; Calizaya, F.; Mindani, C.; Cuentas, O.; Caira, C.; Huacani, W. Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Relation to Land Use, Based on the Weighted Overlay Technique in the High Andean Ecosystem of Puno—Peru. Sustainability 2023, 15, 10316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su151310316 Academic Editor: Cristian-Valeriu Patriche Received: 31 May 2023 Revised: 16 June 2023 Accepted: 27 June 2023 Published: 29 June 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). the spatial distribution of SOC is crucial for sustainable land management of soils in the mountain ecosystems in the Andes. The methodology consisted of obtaining 53 soil samples from depths of 0 to 105 cm, which were analyzed to obtain SOC (Kg/m2) and organic matter (OM) (%). Ordinary kriging, a geostatistical method, was used to determine SOC. Pearson’s statistical method was applied to determine the association between SOC and precipitation, temperature, altitude, and organic matter and gave acceptable correlations of 0.38, 0.32, 0.40, and 0.59. These results were used to apply weighting criteria for climatological and environmental variables. The weighted overlay tool was used for modeling and mapping the spatial variability of SOC. The estimated spatial distribution of SOC in the micro-watershed reveals an increasing trend from south to north, specifically within the 0–20 cm depth profile. The study confirmed through the spatial analysis that regions with intensive agriculture have low reserves (application/pdfenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSOCgeostatisticalweighted overlayspatial distributionclimate dataland useAndean ecosysteminfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00